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<h4 id="2）rhel7及之后"><a href="#2）rhel7及之后" class="headerlink" title="2）rhel7及之后"></a>2）rhel7及之后</h4><ul>
<li>第1 2位：<br>  以太网网卡为en开头<br>  无线网卡为wl开头</li>
<li>第3位：<br>  o 板载网卡<br>  s 热插拔接口<br>  p pci插槽位置</li>
<li>第4位开始：<br>  由hash过的数字表示设备索引 id 端口等</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2、网络服务配置"><a href="#2、网络服务配置" class="headerlink" title="2、网络服务配置"></a>2、网络服务配置</h3><h4 id="1）nmtui-类GUI工具进行网络配置"><a href="#1）nmtui-类GUI工具进行网络配置" class="headerlink" title="1）nmtui 类GUI工具进行网络配置"></a>1）nmtui 类GUI工具进行网络配置</h4><h4 id="2）ip-add-show-显示网络信息"><a href="#2）ip-add-show-显示网络信息" class="headerlink" title="2）ip add show 显示网络信息"></a>2）ip add show 显示网络信息</h4><ul>
<li>同：ifconfig</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3）nmcli-connection-show-显示全部网卡配置信息"><a href="#3）nmcli-connection-show-显示全部网卡配置信息" class="headerlink" title="3）nmcli connection show 显示全部网卡配置信息"></a>3）nmcli connection show 显示全部网卡配置信息</h4><h4 id="4）nmcli-connection-add-con-name-配置名-type-eth-ifname-网卡名-auto-yes-开机自动连接-ip4-ip地址-x-gw4-网关"><a href="#4）nmcli-connection-add-con-name-配置名-type-eth-ifname-网卡名-auto-yes-开机自动连接-ip4-ip地址-x-gw4-网关" class="headerlink" title="4）nmcli connection add con-name [配置名] type eth ifname [网卡名] auto yes(开机自动连接) ip4 [ip地址/x] gw4 [网关]"></a>4）nmcli connection add con-name [配置名] type eth ifname [网卡名] auto yes(开机自动连接) ip4 [ip地址/x] gw4 [网关]</h4><ul>
<li>添加网络配置条目 等同于对/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/xxx 进行配置</li>
<li>如果不输入ip地址信息 默认自动获取</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="5）nmcli-connection-show-配置名"><a href="#5）nmcli-connection-show-配置名" class="headerlink" title="5）nmcli connection show [配置名]"></a>5）nmcli connection show [配置名]</h4><p>显示配置详细信息</p>
<h4 id="6）nmcli-connection-del-配置名"><a href="#6）nmcli-connection-del-配置名" class="headerlink" title="6）nmcli connection del [配置名]"></a>6）nmcli connection del [配置名]</h4><ul>
<li> 删除配置条目</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="7）nmcli-connection-modify-配置名-（type-eth-ifname-网卡名-auto-yes-开机自动连接-ip4-ip地址-x-gw4-网关-）……"><a href="#7）nmcli-connection-modify-配置名-（type-eth-ifname-网卡名-auto-yes-开机自动连接-ip4-ip地址-x-gw4-网关-）……" class="headerlink" title="7）nmcli connection modify [配置名] （type eth ifname [网卡名] auto yes(开机自动连接) ip4 [ip地址/x] gw4 [网关]  ）……"></a>7）nmcli connection modify [配置名] （type eth ifname [网卡名] auto yes(开机自动连接) ip4 [ip地址/x] gw4 [网关]  ）……</h4><ul>
<li>修改配置条目</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3、SSH服务"><a href="#3、SSH服务" class="headerlink" title="3、SSH服务"></a>3、SSH服务</h3><h4 id="1）安全验证方式"><a href="#1）安全验证方式" class="headerlink" title="1）安全验证方式"></a>1）安全验证方式</h4><ul>
<li><p>基于口令</p>
</li>
<li><p>基于密钥</p>
<ul>
<li>ssh-keygen 生成密钥对<br>  默认存于用户目录下的.ssh</li>
<li>ssh-copy-id [服务器ip]<br>  将公钥密钥对发送至服务器</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2）配置文件"><a href="#2）配置文件" class="headerlink" title="2）配置文件"></a>2）配置文件</h4><ul>
<li><p>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</p>
<ul>
<li><p>主要字段</p>
<ul>
<li>PasswordAuthentication 是否允许使用口令登录</li>
<li>PermitRootLogin 是否允许root登录</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3）scp远程传输服务"><a href="#3）scp远程传输服务" class="headerlink" title="3）scp远程传输服务"></a>3）scp远程传输服务</h4><ul>
<li><p>操作</p>
<ul>
<li><p>向远程主机发送文件</p>
<ul>
<li><p>scp [参数] 本地文件 远程用户@ip:目录</p>
<ul>
<li>-r 传送文件夹</li>
<li>-v 显示进度</li>
<li>-P 指定端口</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>从远程主机接受文件</p>
<ul>
<li>scp [参数] 远程用户@ip:文件路径 本地路径</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>基于ssh协议传输</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="二、日志系统与时间设置"><a href="#二、日志系统与时间设置" class="headerlink" title="二、日志系统与时间设置"></a>二、日志系统与时间设置</h2><h3 id="1、rsyslog日志系统"><a href="#1、rsyslog日志系统" class="headerlink" title="1、rsyslog日志系统"></a>1、rsyslog日志系统</h3><h4 id="1）日志文件保存在-var-log"><a href="#1）日志文件保存在-var-log" class="headerlink" title="1）日志文件保存在/var/log"></a>1）日志文件保存在/var/log</h4><ul>
<li>绝大多数日志 /var/log/message</li>
<li>安全认证日志：/var/log/secure</li>
<li>邮件服务日志：/var/log/maillog</li>
<li>crond计划任务日志：/var/log/cron</li>
<li>系统启动日志：/var/log/boot.log</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2）配置文件-etc-rsyslog-conf"><a href="#2）配置文件-etc-rsyslog-conf" class="headerlink" title="2）配置文件/etc/rsyslog.conf"></a>2）配置文件/etc/rsyslog.conf</h4><ul>
<li>可修改记录级别</li>
<li>*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                /var/log/messages</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2、systemd-journal"><a href="#2、systemd-journal" class="headerlink" title="2、systemd-journal"></a>2、systemd-journal</h3><h4 id="1）使用命令"><a href="#1）使用命令" class="headerlink" title="1）使用命令"></a>1）使用命令</h4><ul>
<li>journalctl  查看所有日志</li>
<li>journalctl -n 5  查看后五条记录</li>
<li>journalctl -p err 查看err类型日志</li>
<li>journalctl -f  不断输出最后十条记录</li>
<li>journalctl –since today 查看今日日志</li>
<li>journalctl –since “2020-01-10 10:10:00”   –until “2021-02-05 12:12:55”<br>  查看给定时间范围的日志</li>
<li>journalctl -o verbose 查看日志详细信息</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2）日志文件"><a href="#2）日志文件" class="headerlink" title="2）日志文件"></a>2）日志文件</h4><ul>
<li>日志文件保存在/run/log中 </li>
<li>vim日志文件 显示乱码 安全性较高</li>
<li>默认情况不会永久保存日志</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3、时间设置"><a href="#3、时间设置" class="headerlink" title="3、时间设置"></a>3、时间设置</h3><h4 id="1）修改同步时间服务器"><a href="#1）修改同步时间服务器" class="headerlink" title="1）修改同步时间服务器"></a>1）修改同步时间服务器</h4><ul>
<li>配置文件/etc/chrony.conf</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2）同步时间命令"><a href="#2）同步时间命令" class="headerlink" title="2）同步时间命令"></a>2）同步时间命令</h4><ul>
<li>timedatectl set-ntp true 设置chrony同步时间</li>
<li>systemctl start chronyd 开启服务</li>
<li>systemctl enable chronyd 设置服务开机启动</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="三、计划任务与图形化切换"><a href="#三、计划任务与图形化切换" class="headerlink" title="三、计划任务与图形化切换"></a>三、计划任务与图形化切换</h2><h3 id="1、计划任务"><a href="#1、计划任务" class="headerlink" title="1、计划任务"></a>1、计划任务</h3><h4 id="1）一次性计划任务at"><a href="#1）一次性计划任务at" class="headerlink" title="1）一次性计划任务at"></a>1）一次性计划任务at</h4><ul>
<li>at 19:28 设置在19:28执行的一次性任务<br>  输入后进入内容编写界面 输入Ctrl D完成</li>
<li>at -l 查看未执行的任务<br>  atq 查看未执行的任务</li>
<li>atrm X 删除编号为X的任务</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2）周期计划任务crond"><a href="#2）周期计划任务crond" class="headerlink" title="2）周期计划任务crond"></a>2）周期计划任务crond</h4><ul>
<li><p>crontab -e 进入当前用户的周期任务编辑<br>  crontab -e -u [用户名]  为指定用户创建周期任务</p>
<ul>
<li>*    *    *    *      *   [命令]<br>  分  时  日  月  星期</li>
<li>10  3  1  1  *  [命令]<br>  表示在每年一月一日的三点10分执行命令</li>
<li>2  3  */2  1  *  [命令]<br>  表示在每年一月每隔两天的三点2分执行命令</li>
<li>1-10  3  *  *  *  [命令]<br>  表示在每天三点的1~10分 每分钟执行一次</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>crontab -l 查看当前用户计划任务</p>
</li>
<li><p>crontab -l -u [用户名]  查看指定用户计划任务</p>
</li>
<li><p>crontab -r 删除当前用户所有计划任务</p>
</li>
<li><p>/var/log/cron 执行日志</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2、操作页面"><a href="#2、操作页面" class="headerlink" title="2、操作页面"></a>2、操作页面</h3><h4 id="1）分类"><a href="#1）分类" class="headerlink" title="1）分类"></a>1）分类</h4><p>操作页面有命令行和GUI图形化两种</p>
<h4 id="2）命令行界面转图形化"><a href="#2）命令行界面转图形化" class="headerlink" title="2）命令行界面转图形化"></a>2）命令行界面转图形化</h4><ul>
<li><p>1 yum grouplist<br>  查看包组列表 关注有关GUI的包</p>
</li>
<li><p>2 yum groupinstall “Server with GUI”<br>  安装与图形化有关的包</p>
</li>
<li><p>3 临时更换</p>
<ul>
<li>systemctl  isolate  graphical.target<br>  临时切换至图形化界面</li>
<li>systemctl  isolate  multi-user.target<br>  临时切换至命令行界面</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>4 永久更换</p>
<ul>
<li>systemctl  set-default graphical.target<br>  永久切换至图形化界面</li>
<li>systemctl  set-default multi-user.target<br>  永久切换至命令行界面</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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